Post by warsaw on Jul 26, 2011 6:40:54 GMT -9
Source:
www.fortdrum.isportsman.net/file/Fort_Drum_Bear_Project_Report_FINAL2011.pdf
Source:
www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/documents/NMBearStudy.pdf
Source:
www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/documents/NMBearStudy.pdf
Of 55 adult males and 55 adult females from Yellowstone National Park (YNP), average body
measurements and weights were: total length 1.643 m, 1.511 m; height 95.2 cm, 87.4 cm; girth
130.5 cm, 114.6 cm; neck circumference 78.6 cm, 65.4 cm; length of head 41.7 cm, 37.8 cm;
length of hind foot 189 mm, 163 mm; and width of hind foot 136 mm, 118 mm; mean adult mass
193 kg, 135 kg (Pasitschniak-Arts 1993). The largest grizzly bear weighed in the Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) registered 509 kg (Craighead 1979).
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_7/Blanchard_Vol_7.pdf
The
largest adult male measured 241 cm long (measure-
ment A, Fig. 1), 117 cm at the shoulder (C), 95 cm
around the neck (D), and had a hind foot pad 170
mm wide (K) and 216 mm long (L). The largest
female was 193 cm long (A), 103 cm at the shoulder
(C), 74 cm around the neck (D), and had a hind foot
135 mm wide (K) and 190 mm long (L).
Weights of live bears were determined with spring scales when possible; otherwise weights were estimated by experienced field
personnel.
Mean seasonal weight
gains for subadults 2-4 years old were less clear,
although limited data suggested emergence weights
were generally not regained until September.
Pooled samples indicated weaned yearlings steadily
lost weight July-September, whereas unweaned year-
lings gained weight during the same period (Fig. 3).
By September, weaned yearlings weighed an average
21.7 kg less than unweaned yearlings (N =
4). The
2-year-old age class demonstrated the lowest spring-
to-fall weight gain, with females gaining only 7% of
their final weight during the year and males only 2%
(Fig. 3). Low weight gains at this age probably re-
flected the stress of weaning during late spring and
subsequent dispersal from the maternal home range,
particularly for males (Knight et al. 1984).
Females exhibited greatest average spring-to-fall
weight gains as 3- and 4-year-olds (30% and 29%,
respectively). Males demonstrated greatest average
spring-to-fall weight gains as 4- and 5-year-olds (39%
and 34%, respectively). Males aged 6 and older
gained an average 15% of their final weight spring-
fall.
On 12 January 1999, Dr. Lance Craighead, noted expert on the grizzly bear, appeared before the House Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Committee and testified that his best guess was that the minimum viable population of grizzly bears was 1,000. Dr. Craighead said that the smallest known healthy population of bears was about 3,000. The number 1,000 reflected the minimum number of animals needed to maintain a gene pool. The proponents of the reintroduction of the bear know of this problem, but ignore it unless pressed, as Dr. Craighead was in the Committee hearing.
www.bitterroot.com/grizzly/BEARS42N.HTM
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_5/Kingsley_Nagy_Russell_Vol_5.pdf
The sexes had quite different patterns of
growth as shown by spring weight. The asymp-
totic spring weight, Woo, for males was nearly
twice that for females (Table 2), but males took 14 years to reach 95% of Woo, against 9 years for females
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_4/Glenn_Vol_4.pdf
neck circumference - distance
between the occiput and the base of the neck. Cir-
cumferential measurements were made with the steel
tape held snugly
The largest captured male (784) was 13 years and the
largest captured female (825) was 15 years old. Differ-
ences in their respective sizes were as follows: weight,
390-275 kg; height at shoulder, 152-130 cm; total
length, 264-228 cm; hind-foot length, 44-38 cm;
neck circumference, 90-80 cm; chest girth, 159-157 cm;
body length, 140-127 cm; skull length, 473-403 mm;
and zygomatic width, 311-251 mm. When all measure-
ments were combined, mean total body size of 5 males
over 9 years of age was 19 percent larger and their mean
body weight was 88 percent heavier than the sizes and
weights of 25 females of comparable age
Max chest girth = + 175 cm ?
Source:
www.bchydro.com/pwcp/pdfs/reports/pwfwcp_report_no_244.pdf
M05 was captured on 23 May and again on 14 September. The 17-year-old male’s canine teeth
were broken and well rounded (the top left canine was also fractured during his initial capture),
and several incisors were missing. M05’s chest girth was 4.5 cm smaller in fall than spring, and
he appeared to be in declining health.
Many bears remained within a few kilometres of
the landfill all year although one young male visited the
landfill briefly in spring but never returned again. Most of
the collared bears entered den sites between early to
mid-November, however, one male didn’t go into
hibernation until early December. Daily use of the landfill
by radio-tagged grizzly bears was monitored using a
remote datalogger programmed to monitor individual bears
at 10-minute intervals.
Radio-tagged bears will continue to be monitored between
April and December in 2001 and 2002. Of particular interest
over the next two years is the bears’ survival (bears that
seek out other garbage sources will likely be destroyed) and
changes in their home range size or areas of use. “The
closure of this landfill is providing an opportunity to study
bear behaviour before and after removal of this concentrated
food source,” said Wood. “We suspect that bears that
frequented the landfill prior to closure may seek out
alternate garbage sources, whereas those that visited
infrequently may not become a problem.
www.bchydro.com/pwcp/pdfs/natureline_summer2001.pdf
"Adults feeding at garbage dumps weighed more than bears relying on natural food'
OK ,but:
translate.google.pl/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=pl&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otechestvo.org.ua%2Fmain%2F201011%2F1002.htm
Source:
www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/content/WKSS_Grizzly_Bear_Nutritional_Study.pdf
As a carnivore, the grizzly bear's digestive system is more
efficient extracting energy from meat than plants (Pritchard and Robbins 1990). The
consumption of foods with different digestibilities would, therefore, produce fecal residue
volumes that were not representative of the foods consumed (McLellan and Hovey 1995).
And "grizzly bear's digestive system is more
efficient extracting energy from meat than" garbage.
Max body weight = 264 kg BUT max chest girth (axillary girth ) = 200 cm !
www.biology.ualberta.ca/faculty/andrew_derocher/?Page=3245
chest girth =axillary girth
Chest or axillary girth was measured
to the nearest cm as the circumference around the chest at
the axilla.
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_16_1/Cattet_Obbard_Vol_16_1_.pdf
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_16_1/Cattet_Obbard_Vol_16_1_.pdf
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_7/Swenson_Kasworm_Stewart_Simmons_Aune_Vol_7.pdf
Only spring bear weights (before 20 July) were used
(65 males and 31 females in Absaroka-Beartooths, 82
males and 42 females in the Cabinets, and 38 males
and 11 females on the East Front)
Source:
www.wvuforestry.com/jAnderson/Weaver_Harley_thesis.pdf
www.fortdrum.isportsman.net/file/Fort_Drum_Bear_Project_Report_FINAL2011.pdf
Source:
www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/documents/NMBearStudy.pdf
Source:
www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/documents/NMBearStudy.pdf
Of 55 adult males and 55 adult females from Yellowstone National Park (YNP), average body
measurements and weights were: total length 1.643 m, 1.511 m; height 95.2 cm, 87.4 cm; girth
130.5 cm, 114.6 cm; neck circumference 78.6 cm, 65.4 cm; length of head 41.7 cm, 37.8 cm;
length of hind foot 189 mm, 163 mm; and width of hind foot 136 mm, 118 mm; mean adult mass
193 kg, 135 kg (Pasitschniak-Arts 1993). The largest grizzly bear weighed in the Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) registered 509 kg (Craighead 1979).
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_7/Blanchard_Vol_7.pdf
The
largest adult male measured 241 cm long (measure-
ment A, Fig. 1), 117 cm at the shoulder (C), 95 cm
around the neck (D), and had a hind foot pad 170
mm wide (K) and 216 mm long (L). The largest
female was 193 cm long (A), 103 cm at the shoulder
(C), 74 cm around the neck (D), and had a hind foot
135 mm wide (K) and 190 mm long (L).
Weights of live bears were determined with spring scales when possible; otherwise weights were estimated by experienced field
personnel.
Mean seasonal weight
gains for subadults 2-4 years old were less clear,
although limited data suggested emergence weights
were generally not regained until September.
Pooled samples indicated weaned yearlings steadily
lost weight July-September, whereas unweaned year-
lings gained weight during the same period (Fig. 3).
By September, weaned yearlings weighed an average
21.7 kg less than unweaned yearlings (N =
4). The
2-year-old age class demonstrated the lowest spring-
to-fall weight gain, with females gaining only 7% of
their final weight during the year and males only 2%
(Fig. 3). Low weight gains at this age probably re-
flected the stress of weaning during late spring and
subsequent dispersal from the maternal home range,
particularly for males (Knight et al. 1984).
Females exhibited greatest average spring-to-fall
weight gains as 3- and 4-year-olds (30% and 29%,
respectively). Males demonstrated greatest average
spring-to-fall weight gains as 4- and 5-year-olds (39%
and 34%, respectively). Males aged 6 and older
gained an average 15% of their final weight spring-
fall.
On 12 January 1999, Dr. Lance Craighead, noted expert on the grizzly bear, appeared before the House Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Committee and testified that his best guess was that the minimum viable population of grizzly bears was 1,000. Dr. Craighead said that the smallest known healthy population of bears was about 3,000. The number 1,000 reflected the minimum number of animals needed to maintain a gene pool. The proponents of the reintroduction of the bear know of this problem, but ignore it unless pressed, as Dr. Craighead was in the Committee hearing.
www.bitterroot.com/grizzly/BEARS42N.HTM
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_5/Kingsley_Nagy_Russell_Vol_5.pdf
The sexes had quite different patterns of
growth as shown by spring weight. The asymp-
totic spring weight, Woo, for males was nearly
twice that for females (Table 2), but males took 14 years to reach 95% of Woo, against 9 years for females
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_4/Glenn_Vol_4.pdf
neck circumference - distance
between the occiput and the base of the neck. Cir-
cumferential measurements were made with the steel
tape held snugly
The largest captured male (784) was 13 years and the
largest captured female (825) was 15 years old. Differ-
ences in their respective sizes were as follows: weight,
390-275 kg; height at shoulder, 152-130 cm; total
length, 264-228 cm; hind-foot length, 44-38 cm;
neck circumference, 90-80 cm; chest girth, 159-157 cm;
body length, 140-127 cm; skull length, 473-403 mm;
and zygomatic width, 311-251 mm. When all measure-
ments were combined, mean total body size of 5 males
over 9 years of age was 19 percent larger and their mean
body weight was 88 percent heavier than the sizes and
weights of 25 females of comparable age
Max chest girth = + 175 cm ?
Source:
www.bchydro.com/pwcp/pdfs/reports/pwfwcp_report_no_244.pdf
M05 was captured on 23 May and again on 14 September. The 17-year-old male’s canine teeth
were broken and well rounded (the top left canine was also fractured during his initial capture),
and several incisors were missing. M05’s chest girth was 4.5 cm smaller in fall than spring, and
he appeared to be in declining health.
Many bears remained within a few kilometres of
the landfill all year although one young male visited the
landfill briefly in spring but never returned again. Most of
the collared bears entered den sites between early to
mid-November, however, one male didn’t go into
hibernation until early December. Daily use of the landfill
by radio-tagged grizzly bears was monitored using a
remote datalogger programmed to monitor individual bears
at 10-minute intervals.
Radio-tagged bears will continue to be monitored between
April and December in 2001 and 2002. Of particular interest
over the next two years is the bears’ survival (bears that
seek out other garbage sources will likely be destroyed) and
changes in their home range size or areas of use. “The
closure of this landfill is providing an opportunity to study
bear behaviour before and after removal of this concentrated
food source,” said Wood. “We suspect that bears that
frequented the landfill prior to closure may seek out
alternate garbage sources, whereas those that visited
infrequently may not become a problem.
www.bchydro.com/pwcp/pdfs/natureline_summer2001.pdf
"Adults feeding at garbage dumps weighed more than bears relying on natural food'
OK ,but:
translate.google.pl/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=pl&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otechestvo.org.ua%2Fmain%2F201011%2F1002.htm
Source:
www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/content/WKSS_Grizzly_Bear_Nutritional_Study.pdf
As a carnivore, the grizzly bear's digestive system is more
efficient extracting energy from meat than plants (Pritchard and Robbins 1990). The
consumption of foods with different digestibilities would, therefore, produce fecal residue
volumes that were not representative of the foods consumed (McLellan and Hovey 1995).
And "grizzly bear's digestive system is more
efficient extracting energy from meat than" garbage.
Max body weight = 264 kg BUT max chest girth (axillary girth ) = 200 cm !
www.biology.ualberta.ca/faculty/andrew_derocher/?Page=3245
chest girth =axillary girth
Chest or axillary girth was measured
to the nearest cm as the circumference around the chest at
the axilla.
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_16_1/Cattet_Obbard_Vol_16_1_.pdf
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_16_1/Cattet_Obbard_Vol_16_1_.pdf
Source:
www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_7/Swenson_Kasworm_Stewart_Simmons_Aune_Vol_7.pdf
Only spring bear weights (before 20 July) were used
(65 males and 31 females in Absaroka-Beartooths, 82
males and 42 females in the Cabinets, and 38 males
and 11 females on the East Front)
Source:
www.wvuforestry.com/jAnderson/Weaver_Harley_thesis.pdf