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Post by divingwolf on Jan 1, 2013 9:27:12 GMT -9
This chart is based on data from Isotopic evidence for omnivory among European cave bears: Late Pleistocene Ursus spelaeus from the Peştera cu Oase, Romania by Erik Trinkaus et. al. in PNAS, January 15, 2008, vol. 105, no. 2. The chart was produced from data in Table 1. "Previously determined isotope values of European cave bears". The paper discusses nitrogen isotope values in the bones of cave bears in an additional site in Romania and possible implications on the diet of the bears. Source: www.pnas.org/content/105/2/600.full.pdfAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 2, 2013 8:32:24 GMT -9
This table shows the nitrogen isotope levels in the bones of the bears from Peştera cu Oase, Romania. It is obviously higher than for previously analyzed specimens (see previous posting). "Previous bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotopic studies of Late Pleistocene European cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) have shown that these bears frequently had low nitrogen isotope values, similar to those of herbivores and indicating either unusual physiology related to hibernation or a herbivorous diet. Isotopic analysis of animal bone from the Peştera cu Oase (Cave with Bones), Romania, shows that most of its cave bears had higher nitrogen isotope values than the associated herbivores and were, therefore, omnivorous. The Oase bears are securely identified as cave bears by both their morphology and DNA sequences. Although many cave bear populations may have behaved like herbivores, the Oase isotopic data demonstrate that cave bears were capable of altering their diets to become omnivores or even carnivores. These data therefore broaden the dietary profile of U. spelaeus and raise questions about the nature of the carnivore guild in Pleistocene Europe." Source: www.pnas.org/content/105/2/600.full.pdfAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 2, 2013 12:02:24 GMT -9
This shows carbon isotope readings in previously studied cave bear specimens. Average -21.07 Minimum -23.6 Maximum -19.6 Range 4 I am assuming that carbon isotope readings are used to estimate the ages of the specimens, but I haven't read up on that yet. Source: www.pnas.org/content/105/2/600.full.pdfAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 2, 2013 12:08:14 GMT -9
This shows carbon isotope readings in cave bears from Peştera cu Oase, Romania. Average -21.52 Minimum -22.9 Maximum -20.6 Range 2.3 The average is fairly close to the data in the previous posting, the range is much narrower. I am assuming that carbon isotope readings are used to estimate the ages of the specimens, but I haven't read up on that yet. Source: www.pnas.org/content/105/2/600.full.pdfAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 7, 2013 14:16:44 GMT -9
Figure 1. Geographical location of the cave bear sites studied in this work. Sites with data published in this paper are represented by solid symbols and the initial numbers of samples analysed appear in parentheses: Co, Conturines (three); Ll, Lieglloch (three); RK, Ramesch Knochenhöhle (three); Gs, Gamssulzenhöhle (three); Hd, Herdengelhöhle (six); Hg, Hartelsgraben (three); PZ, Potocka Zijalka (three); Sw, Schwabenreithhöhle (three). Sites from the literature are represented by hollow circles: L, Liñares (Vila-Taboada et al. 1999); E, Eirós (Fernández-Mosquera 1998); Sc, Scladina (Bocherens et al. 1997, 1999); Olaskoa-Pyrenees-exact location unknown (Bocherens et al. 1994); Al, Aldène (Bocherens et al. 1991, 1994); Mi, Mialet (Bocherens et al. 1994); DB, Divje Babe (Nelson et al. 1998). Source: Stable isotopes data (δ 13C, δ 15N) from the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus): a new approach to its palaeoenvironment and dormancy by D. Fernández-Mosquera, M. Vila-Taboada and A. Grandal-d’Anglade Instituto Universitario de Xeoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071, Spain www.academia.edu/720999/Stable_isotopes_data_d13C_d15N_from_the_cave_bear_Ursus_spelaeus_a_new_approach_to_its_palaeoenvironment_and_dormancyAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 7, 2013 14:25:55 GMT -9
Table 1. Isotopic data published so far of cave bear bone collagen from European sites (The following references were used: Fernández-Mosquera (1998) for Eirós, Vila-Taboada et al. (1999) for Liñares, Bocherens et al. (1994) for Aldène, Mialet and Olaskoa, Bocherens et al. (1997) for Scladina-1, Bocherens et al. (1999) for Scladina-4 and Nelson et al. (1998) for Divje Babe.) Source: Stable isotopes data (δ 13C, δ 15N) from the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus): a new approach to its palaeoenvironment and dormancy by D. Fernández-Mosquera, M. Vila-Taboada and A. Grandal-d’Anglade Instituto Universitario de Xeoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071, Spain www.academia.edu/720999/Stable_isotopes_data_d13C_d15N_from_the_cave_bear_Ursus_spelaeus_a_new_approach_to_its_palaeoenvironment_and_dormancyMy comment: This table is not very useful as it doesn't give the measurements of individual specimens, but averages and standard deviations of groups of specimens. It is hard to do calculations with such data. Attachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 7, 2013 16:07:38 GMT -9
Table 2. Isotopic signatures of the analysed samples (Chronology and altitude as well as a description of the Alpine sites are given in the following references: Rabeder (1992) for Conturines, Rabeder (1997a,b) for Lieglloch, Rabeder (1997a) and Frank & Rabeder (1997b) for Ramesch, Rabeder (1997a) and Frank & Rabeder (1997a) for Herdengel, Rabeder (1997a,c) for Hartelsgraben, Frank & Rabeder (1997c) for Schwabenreith and G. Rabeder (personal communication) for Potocka Zijalka (30 980 + 330/7310 years BP). Absolute age for Llus-2 at Lieglloch 14C AMS (Ua-15978) 28 130 § 600 years BP (this paper) and for Llus-3 at Lieglloch dated as 25^35kyr BP by P4 index.) Source: www.academia.edu/720999/Stable_isotopes_data_d13C_d15N_from_the_cave_bear_Ursus_spelaeus_a_new_approach_to_its_palaeoenvironment_and_dormancyAttachments:
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Post by divingwolf on Jan 8, 2013 17:15:06 GMT -9
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