Post by grrraaahhh on Apr 15, 2011 16:46:01 GMT -9
We should have fun with this subject. Notable author material covered include S.I. Ognev (1931), Robert Rausch (1963), Ernst Schwarz (1940), Bjorn Kurten (1973), V.G. Voronov (1974), F.B. Chernyavskiy (1984 & 2003) - V.G. Yudin (1991); M.A. Krechmar (2003), Talbot et al. (2006), & G.F. Baryshnikov (2007) etc.
Standard statistics and discriminant and cluster analyses were used to study the variability of craniometric characteristics in Beringian Ursus arctos L. and to specify its taxonomic status. The eastern Siberian subspecies U. a. jeniseensis, belonging to the "arctos" group, dwells the extreme northeastern territory of Siberia, whereas bears of the Far Eastern "piscator" group are represented by two subspecies - Kamchatkan U. a. piscator and Ussurian U. a beringianus. Large and broad skulls of Kamchatkan bears are similar to those in the bear population (U. a. middendorffi), inhabiting Kod'yak and Afognak Islands. U. a. beringianus has common features with U. a. dalii from Alaska Peninsula and its Pacific coast. U. a. jeniseensis is relative to U. a. horribilis from Central and Northem Alaska. History and migratory routes of various U. arctos forms in Beringian region are discussed (Chernyavskii & Krechmar, 2003).
and.....
In this regard, there is some reason to believe that in accordance with the hypothesis of (Rausch, R. 1963) the large bears in southern Alaska and British Columbia, there occurs the proliferation of large forms U.arctos on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin and Amur region which is also associated with its habitat in these areas are many populations of anadromous Pacific salmon - genus Oncorhynchus. The point, apparently, not only in the overlapping ranges of salmon and large subspecies of brown bear at the present time, but especially of trophic relationships that evolved between the four-legged predators and salmon on the Pacific coast of Beringia in the individual stages of the Late Pleistocene. These coastal bears are of large size and wide skulls that has been associated with use of spawning Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) by Kurten [1973]. More specifically, bears with the relatively widest zygomatic arch, inhabiting Kamchatka and Kodiak Island, share their ranges with spawning grounds of the two largest species of salmon (sockeye [O. Nerka] and Chinook [O. Tshawytscha]). There is little doubt that the first brown bears inhabiting coastal regions of the Okhotsk and Bering Seas during the Wisconsin also had access to anadromous salmon (Cherniavskii & Krechmar, 2001).
To be continued....
Standard statistics and discriminant and cluster analyses were used to study the variability of craniometric characteristics in Beringian Ursus arctos L. and to specify its taxonomic status. The eastern Siberian subspecies U. a. jeniseensis, belonging to the "arctos" group, dwells the extreme northeastern territory of Siberia, whereas bears of the Far Eastern "piscator" group are represented by two subspecies - Kamchatkan U. a. piscator and Ussurian U. a beringianus. Large and broad skulls of Kamchatkan bears are similar to those in the bear population (U. a. middendorffi), inhabiting Kod'yak and Afognak Islands. U. a. beringianus has common features with U. a. dalii from Alaska Peninsula and its Pacific coast. U. a. jeniseensis is relative to U. a. horribilis from Central and Northem Alaska. History and migratory routes of various U. arctos forms in Beringian region are discussed (Chernyavskii & Krechmar, 2003).
and.....
In this regard, there is some reason to believe that in accordance with the hypothesis of (Rausch, R. 1963) the large bears in southern Alaska and British Columbia, there occurs the proliferation of large forms U.arctos on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin and Amur region which is also associated with its habitat in these areas are many populations of anadromous Pacific salmon - genus Oncorhynchus. The point, apparently, not only in the overlapping ranges of salmon and large subspecies of brown bear at the present time, but especially of trophic relationships that evolved between the four-legged predators and salmon on the Pacific coast of Beringia in the individual stages of the Late Pleistocene. These coastal bears are of large size and wide skulls that has been associated with use of spawning Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) by Kurten [1973]. More specifically, bears with the relatively widest zygomatic arch, inhabiting Kamchatka and Kodiak Island, share their ranges with spawning grounds of the two largest species of salmon (sockeye [O. Nerka] and Chinook [O. Tshawytscha]). There is little doubt that the first brown bears inhabiting coastal regions of the Okhotsk and Bering Seas during the Wisconsin also had access to anadromous salmon (Cherniavskii & Krechmar, 2001).
To be continued....